These faults include deterioration of busbar material during installation, failure of the circuit breaker, foreign bodies that may have slipped on the busbar, mechanical damage due to earthquakes, failure of support by the insulator, resulting in an earth fault, & . These faults include deterioration of busbar material during installation, failure of the circuit breaker, foreign bodies that may have slipped on the busbar, mechanical damage due to earthquakes, failure of support by the insulator, resulting in an earth fault, & . The high magnitude fault currents require high-speed operation of the busbar protection to limit equipment damage. However, this high-speed clearing must be balanced against the need for security. Tripping incorrectly for an external fault may cause large outages, and jeopardize power system. Designing a substation involves not only the visible equipment and ratings but also the less apparent factors—operational flexibility, fault tolerance, and maintainability. The “right” topology depends on voltage level, criticality of. Busbar differential protection is the primary method for detecting and isolating faults within the busbar zone of electrical substations using Kirchhoff's current law principle. In the “childhood” of electricity no separate protection was used for the busbars.
