The strut & tie method is a design method used for reinforced concrete structures to design and verify elements like corbels, pile caps and frame corners. Generic tied-arch bridge with a movable support on the right side. The arches terminate atop slender raised piers and are tied by the road deck structure. While frame action is obviously relevant e. in arches and in girder bridges longitudinally stabilised by piers, it also matters in many other cases, where frame action is present in the longitudinal and/or transverse direction of the bridge. Masonry arch bridges, which have a very long history, and more recent landmark bridges, such as Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia and the Tyne Bridge in England, are all 'thrust arches' and rely on horizontal restraint from the foundations. In many cases, such 'external' restraint is not feasible. This Manual provides four design examples illustrating the application of the strut-and-tie method for a variety of structural configurations, including a simply-supported deep beam, a cantilever bent cap, an inverted-tee moment frame straddle bent cap, and a drilled shaft footing. The arch rib is an element mainly. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of different hanger arrangements using three-dimensional finite element models and the objective was to determine the most suitable solution for a road bridge, with a span of 100 meters, consisting of two inclined steel arches, located on a.
